Isfahan is a city. It is located 406 kilometres south of Tehran, and is the capital of Isfahan Province. Isfahan is an important city as it is located at the intersection of the two principle north–south and east–west routes that traverse. It was once one of the largest cities in the world. It flourished, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries under the Safavid dynasty when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history.